Bourneville-Pringle disease is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by the formation of hamartomatous lesions in multiple organs systems. Patients develop hamartomas of the brain, kidneys, heart, lungs, skin, and eyes. Due to the wide phenotypic variability, the disease is often not recognised. This disease was classically described as presenting in childhood with a Vogts triad of seizures, mental retardation, and cutaneous lesions. This case report provides a clinicians information about the underlying disease of epilepsy. We report a case of an 18-year-old female presenting as tonic seizures and learning difficulty. The physical examination showed multiple dental pits and café-au-lait spots. An IQ test revealed moderate mental retardation. An electroencephalogram showed sharp waves in the temporal region. A head CT scan revealed cerebral oedema. A skin biopsy showed benign cutaneous tumours in the dermis consisting of Schwann cell proliferation with a wavy nucleus and fibroblast proliferation. The patient had been treated with an anti-epileptic drug. The ethiopathogenesis suggests a mutation of the two anti-oncogenes TSC1 and TSC2 which code for hamartin and tuberin proteins. The final diagnosis of this disease requires two major criteria or a major and two minor criteria, as described by Gomez. Our patient presents the major criteria of neurofibroma and two minor criteria of multiple dental pits and confetti skin lesions. Bourneville-Pringle disease is a rare disease. Our study has confirmed this because it is the first case seen in the Neurology department. Seizures are one clinical manifestation of this disease. Clinicians must provide a brief clinical examination in every seizure symptoms.
Key words: Epilepsy, Seizure, Bourneville-Pringle Disease
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