Introduction:
Synovium is a specialized mesenchymal tissue that reacts to a wide variety of changes and noxious influences originating locally or elsewhere in the body. Histopathological examination of synovial biopsy plays a vital role in distinguishing between various possible etiologies such as infective, traumatic or crystal-induced arthropathy, and neoplastic lesions. Clinical and radiological findings are also essential in arriving at an accurate diagnosis of synovial lesions.
Aims and objectives: To study the spectrum of synovial lesions and correlate clinico-radiological findings of various lesions into degenerative, infective, inflammatory and neoplastic lesions.
Methods: All the synovial biopsy specimens received in the Pathology laboratory, KIMS Hospital and Research Centre were studied. A detailed histopathological study of the sections was done. Relevant clinical and radiological findings were analysed.
Results: In the present study, the common age groups affected were between the 2nd decade to the 3rd decade (31.1%) and above the 5th decade(31.1%). Females (56.6%) were more commonly affected. The knee joint (43.3%) showed a predilection for most of the synovial lesions. Among all the cases most common was tumour-like lesions (42.2%) followed by inflammatory lesions(19.9%), degenerative lesions (16.6%),infective lesions (9.9%), benign (9.9%) and malignant lesion (1.1%).
Conclusion: The majority of synovial lesions have identical clinical findings which can be classified into various subgroups by histopathological study. The study of synovial biopsy is a useful diagnostic tool in assessing various joint diseases.
Key words: Immunohistochemistry, Crystal Induced Arthropathy, Histopathology
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