This study aimed to investigate and study the effectiveness as well as the efficacy of five natural products as alternatives for treating ovarian cysts and to correlate their biological activities with their active constituents. Phyllanthus emblica fruits, Trigonella foenum-graecum seeds, Brassica oleracea flowers, and Persea americana fruits were extracted and standardized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their phenolic constituents were determined. Meanwhile, the Olea europaea L. oil was tested for its purity. The extracts were evaluated for their effect in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Tribulus arabicus showed the highest flavonoid content. HPLC analyses of the phenolic, flavonoid, and vitamin constituents of the different extracts were carried out. All the extracts and the O. europaea oil showed high antioxidant activities. The biochemical measurements showed a significant difference between rats treated with natural remedies and letrozole. Some extracts significantly reduced the elevated levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and glucose compared to metformin. Progesterone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels increased, but luteinizing hormone and testosterone levels decreased in all the treated groups. Marked reduction in the elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha and malondialdehyde levels with an increased superoxide dismutase level was observed. The histopathological data also supported the potential effect of the remedies. The results showed that P. emblica and P. americana were viable alternatives to metformin for the treatment of PCOS
Key words: Flavonoid; Letrozole; PCOS; Persea americana; Phyllanthus emblica; Tribulus arabicus.
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