Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute and severe condition that can occur in diabetic patients. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, dehydration, and metabolic acidosis that develops from hyperproduction of ketones. This condition results in further complications such as cerebral edema that is more severe and common among the children. The current review was aimed to overview the spectrum of pediatric ketoacidosis and its management. The online databases PubMed and Google Scholar were used to perform a literature search for publications published between 2008 and 2019, without any date or language restrictions. We used a combination of relevant search terms "DKA, Children, Prevalence, Complications, Management." We independently identified publications and systematically screened titles, abstracts, and full texts of the collected publications. Among 40 articles, initially selected based on the title and abstract, 31 articles were excluded as they were either duplicate of existed articles, or case reports, or articles published before 2000 or conducted on adults. Finally, nine review articles were selected and included in the systematic review. DKA was found as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic children, especially those with type 1 diabetes due to the development of cerebral edema as a complication of DKA.
Key words: DKA, children, prevalence, complications, management
|
