Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently reported bacterial infections in the community coming second to respiratory tract infections. Empirical antibiotic therapy is usually applied in the management of UTIs, which has resulted in rapidly emerging antimicrobial resistance in hospitals and the community.

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the prevalence and antibiogram of bacterial pathogens causing UTI in our hospital.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was done among patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in North India, for February–March 2018. Clean catch midstream urine samples were taken from patients. Urine culture was done using cystine lactose electrolyte deficient agar medium. A modified semi-quantitative technique was employed for culture (standard wire loop method). Single species count of more than 100000 organisms per ml of urine was considered as significant. Identification of the organism was done on the basis of colony morphology, motility testing, and biochemical tests using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.

Results: Of the total 3172 samples - 341 (10.75%) were culture positive. Of these 341 culture-positive samples, the most commonly reported organism was Escherichia coli (53.9%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (24.9%). Among the Gram-positive organisms, only Enterococcus spp. was isolated in 10.8% of the total culture-positive samples. The Gramnegative isolates were found to be highly resistant to norfloxacin (nx) (56.3%) followed by cotrimoxazole (54.5%). Among Gram-positive isolates also, highest resistance was reported for nx (83.4%) and resistance to vancomycin was seen in only 5.4% of the cases.

Conclusion: The study shows that Gram-negative organisms are the leading cause of UTIs among adult population and periodic monitoring needs to be done to keep their emerging resistance in check.

Key words: Antibiogram; Prevalence; Bacteria; Urinary Tract Infection