Traditionally, the security calculus revolves around the military security. This realistic notion of strengthening the military security has driven many nations very hard-core military developments, including nuclear weapon programmes. The advent of nuclear weapon has brought about sweeping changes in the security calculus. However, today, the security concerns have gone beyond traditional security concepts, encompassing various security issues. Nuclear weapon developmental activities involve various threats during uranium mining to milling, processing, enrichment, and fuel fabrication, to atomic reactor operations and radioactive waste dumping. The nuclear power generation causes many human rights violations. The nuclear catastrophe Fukushima is the clear illustration of the issue. In South Asia, the nuclear development by India and Pakistan has been viewed as a major human security issue in India. From the perception of Critical Security Studies, security is to be thought beyond traditional military security concepts.
Key words: Nuclear programme, Traditional security, Human security,Nuclear South Asia and Critical security studies
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