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Original Research



Prevalence and predictors of undernutrition in HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Abakaliki, Southeast Nigeria

Maria-Lauretta Chito Orji, Nnamdi Benson Onyire, James Olisaluka Ojukwu, Chinwe Dorothy Obu.




Abstract

Background: The introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to HIV medicine has dramatically improved the quality of care of HIV-infected children, translating to better nutritional status and general well-being. However, many HIV-infected children especially in sub-Saharan Africa, despite being on ART are malnourished.

Objective: The study was done to determine the prevalence and predictors of undernutrition among HIV-infected children on ART in Abakaliki.

Materials and Methods: It was a case–control study with a sample size of 220 (110 HIV infected and 110 HIV negative children as controls) aged 2–17 years. Anthropometric indicators expressed in Z scores were used to define malnutrition: Height for age (stunting) and weight for age (underweight) and weight for height (thinness). A structured questionnaire was used to obtain socio-demographic characteristics and drug adherence.

Results: The prevalence rates of underweight and stunting were 24.5% and 20.0% in HIV-infected children as against the prevalence rates of 10.0% and 6.4% for underweight and stunting, respectively, found in HIV negative children. These prevalence rates were statistically significant (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). Occupation of caregivers (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), drug adherence (P = 0.001, P = 0.000), and WHO clinical stages of disease (P = 0.002, P = 0.000) were statistically significant predicted the presence of underweight and stunting, respectively, in HIV-infected children on ART.

Conclusion: The prevalence of undernutrition is high among children on ART. Nutritional support as well as strengthening adherence to ART is strongly advocated as part of routine care in HIV-infected children on ART.

Key words: Adherence; Nutritional Support; Stunting; Underweight; HIV-infected Children; Antiretroviral Therapy






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