A kidney stone, also known as a renal calculus (from the Latin rēnēs, "kidneys" and calculus, "pebble") is a solid
concretion or crystal aggregation formed in the kidneys from dietary minerals in the urine. It was found that mandelic acid is
a good inhibitor for calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate mineralization and on increasing the strength
of inhibitor solution its inhibition efficiency is increased. Mandelic acid is a more efficient inhibitor for calcium carbonate
salt comparing to calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate. Simultaneous dynamic model was proved to be more efficient than
reservoir dynamic model. Karaunda extract is a good inhibitor for the dissolution of kidney stone. The percentage of
dissolution of powder stone is more than the whole renal stone.
Key words: kidney stone, mandelic acid, nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, cystolithiasis.
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