Background:
Despite increasing available data suggesting a high incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there is scarce data from Africa, Nigeria inclusive. We determined the incidence, associated factors and outcome (in-hospital mortality) of AKI among COVID-19 patients managed in a centre in Nigeria.
Methodology:
This study was a retrospective review of confirmed COVID-19 cases managed at a centre in Nigeria. AKI was defined using 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) creatinine criteria. We extracted relevant data from the electronic records of the patients and analysed.
Results:
This study involved 41 of the 56 confirmed COVID-19 cases. The mean age was 45 ± 17.94 years. Most were males (33; 80.5%). AKI occurred in 14.6% (6/41). Of the 6 AKI; 4 (66.7%) and 2 (33.3%) were in stages 1 and 3 respectively. One patient (16.7%) had haemodialysis. Of the 6 with AKI, 3 died with a mortality rate of 50.0%. Factors associated with AKI included age above 45 years, body weakness, unconsciousness, severe and critical cases, urea > 10 mmol/l, and serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl. Only severe and critical disease was predictive of AKI (adjusted odds ratio 1.777, 95% CI 1.028, 3.074).
Conclusion:
Our study shows AKI is common in COVID-19 and associated with a poor outcome. Variables associated with AKI were aged above 45, body weakness, unconsciousness, severe and critical disease, urea > 10 mmol/l, and serum creatinine > 1.5 mg/dl. Severe and critical disease were predictive of AKI.
Key words: Acute kidney injury, COVID-19, In-hospital mortality, Nigeria.
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