Investigation of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of Euophorbia pseudocactus aerial parts family Euophorbiaceae were carried out, which resulted in isolation of eight phenolic compounds for the first time from E. pseudocactus. Identification was carried out using different chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds were kaempferol (1), ethyl gallate (2), gallic acid (3) astragalin (4), astragalin-6''-gallate (5), nicotiflorin (6), ellagic acid (7) and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (8). The colorectal cytotoxic activity of the isolated phenolic compounds against LS-174T and LS-513(cecum) cell lines were tested using SRB assay. Results revealed that gallic acid possessed colorectal cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 18.27 µg/mL and 50.11 µg/mL against LS-174T and LS-513 cell lines; respectively, also ethylgallate showed cytotoxic activity against LS-174T cell line with IC50 of 25.42 µg/mL. Cytotoxic activity of other phenolic compounds against both cell lines was non-significant. These findings recommend gallic acid as anticancer lead compound.
Key words: Euophorbia pseudocactus; phenolic compounds, colorectal cytotoxic activity, SRB assay
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