Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease continues to pose a significant threat to live stock health and the agriculture economy in Egypt. Strengthening the efficacy of inactivated FMD vaccine is essential and the choice of adjuvant plays a vital role in modulating both humoral and cellular immune response. This study evaluates coral oil as a novel adjuvant for FMD vaccine formulation. The immunogenicity, safety and stability of coral oil based vaccine were assessed in comparison of Montanide oil adjuvant. Cattle vaccinated with the coral oil adjuvant formulation were monitored for both humoral immunity measured by ELISA and virus neutralization test. The Coral oil formulation elicited strong antibody production with maintaining a favorable safety profile and minimal injection site reaction. These findings highlight coral oil as a promising adjuvant candidate for improving the quality and effectiveness of FMD vaccine in Egypt . Further field trials are recommended to validate large-scale applicability and long term immune protection.

Key words: FMDV, adjuvant, Coral oil , ELISA ,SNT