Abstract

Over the last decade, artificial intelligence has steadily begun to change neurosurgical practice. Tools that once seemed futuristic now assist in more accurate tumor diagnosis, confident surgical planning, and real-time intraoperative guidance. This review examines the current state of artificial intelligence applications in neurosurgery, highlighting proven benefits, remaining limitations, and the steps required for safe routine integration. Studies published between 2020 and 2025 in major databases were analyzed. Clear advantages include faster image analysis, improved outcome prediction, and enhanced surgical precision. However, challenges related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the “black-box” nature of many models persist. Addressing these issues will determine how widely these technologies are adopted in clinical practice.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence; Neurosurgery; Machine Learning; Image-Guided Surgery; Outcome Prediction