Abstract

Background:
Zoonotic diseases pose significant threats to humans, animals, and environmental health, necessitating multidisciplinary preventive strategies under the One Health (OH) framework. As future frontline professionals, veterinary students must be adequately trained in biosecurity and infection control practices (ICPs).

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of veterinary students in Kashmir, India, regarding zoonotic disease risks, biosecurity measures, and the adoption of the OH approach.

Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 197 undergraduate and postgraduate veterinary students from the Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, SKUAST-Kashmir. A pretested, structured questionnaire was distributed electronically from November to December 2024. The questionnaire included 38 items covering demographics, knowledge of zoonoses, adoption of ICPs, perceptions of OH, and use of biosecurity practices. Findings are summarized as frequencies and percentages.

Results:
Most participants (63.3% male; mean age, 22–24 years) demonstrated good general knowledge of zoonotic disease risks and the importance of intersectoral collaboration. Over 80% recognized the role of ecosystem health and animal population surveillance in preventing human infections. However, significant gaps were noted in the practical implementation of ICPs: only 34.5% reported rabies vaccination, 46.2% carried medical waste containers, and fewer than half routinely disinfected protective equipment or cleaned boots between farm visits. Students acknowledged the OH concept, with 84.8% recognizing its importance, but only 46.2% reported applying it in their own projects or training.

Conclusion:
Veterinary students in Kashmir exhibit strong theoretical knowledge of zoonoses and OH; however, practical adherence to biosecurity and ICPs remains inadequate. Curriculum reforms emphasizing experiential learning, vaccination, and the systematic integration of OH training are recommended to strengthen global health security and enhance preparedness for emerging zoonotic threats.

Key words: Biosecurity; Infection control practices; One health; Veterinary students; Zoonosis.