Abstract

Background and aim:
RPS14—a structural gene for ribosomal protein S14—is a critical component of the small ribosomal subunit, and its overexpression has been indicated in many cancers including Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (KIRC). Early diagnosis and accurate prognostic assessment remain critical challenges for the treatment of KIRC. This study aimed to investigate differential RPS14 gene expression using bioinformatics tools to examine RPS14 RNA sequencing across pathological parameters, such as cancer stage, sex, age, and genetic alterations of RPS14 in KIRC samples.
Methods:
Comprehensive data analysis was performed using four publicly available cancer OMICS data analysis platforms to examine RPS14 RNA sequencing across KIRC pathological stages, sex, age, and subtype. Additionally, the association between differential RPS14 expression and the KIRC tumour microenvironment was assessed. Furthermore, an analysis of the cancer genomic database was performed to analyse genomic alterations across a set of patients with KIRC.
Results:
More than half of the nurses (55.7%) demonstrated excellent overall competency, with the highest scores in knowledge (63.3%), experience (59.5%), and attitude (58.9%) domains. The skills domain showed the lowest percentage of excellence (48.1%). Competency level was significantly associated with marital status (p = 0.005) and attendance at patient safety training (p = 0.008), whereas age and experience were not significantly associated with both.
Conclusion:
RPS14 was highly upregulated in tumour samples compared to normal tissue (p=1.0 ×10-12). Sex-specific findings revealed significant upregulation in both males (p=1.0×10-12, n=345) and females (p=1.0×10-12, n=188) compared to the normal sample (n=72). RPS14 was upregulated in Caucasians (p=1.62×10-12, n=462), African-Americans (p=1.87×10-9, n=56), and Asian (4.82×10-3, n=8) compared to normal samples. RPS14 was altered in 141 (6%) of 2281 queried patients. This study detected upregulated RPS14 in KIRC samples. Further validation analyses and studies are required to determine the potential role of RPS14 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for KIRC.

Key words: RPS14, Cancer, Kidney cancer, Biomarker, Renal cell carcinoma, Genomic profile