Abstract

The biodegradable polymers offer a sustainable pathway to address plastic pollution, and used cooking oil (UCO) has emerged as a low-cost, renewable feedstock for the production. UCO is a promising feedstock for producing eco-friendly polymers while addressing waste management. In this review, the key processes involved in transesterification and polymerization are discussed. The physicochemical properties, environmental performance, and applications of biodegradable polymers synthesized from UCO are critically analyzed, highlighting their viability over traditional fossil-based alternatives. Major challenges such as feedstock variability, scalability, and economic feasibility are identified, with possible technological and policy-driven solutions highlighted. This review is an affirmation of the potential transformation of UCO-based biodegradable polymers in reaching the circular economy. It sets up greener industrial practices and a way toward sustainable development.

Key words: Biodegradable Polymer, Circular Economy, Sustainable Manufacturing, Used Cooking Oil, Waste Valorization.