Abstract

Aim: To determine frequencies of thyroid dysfunction among hypertensive patients and its association with clinico-demographic variables in Lahore Pakistan.
Methods: This retrospective study assessed medical records of hypertensive patients between January to June 2025 in Department of Medicine at Chaudhary Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital. Hypertension was defined according to the 2018 ESC/ESH guidelines as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg on at least two separate occasions, or current use of antihypertensive medication. Hypothyroidism was labeled as elevated TSH and reduced free T3/T4 levels, or the use of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Hyperthyroidism was labeled as reduced TSH and elevated free T3/T4 levels, or the use of anti-thyroid therapy. Medical records of 557 hypertensive patients, aged ≥18 years, from both sexes were included using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Excluded were incomplete and physically damaged records, or if the patients had undergone thyroid surgery, radiation therapy, had chronic liver disease, end-stage kidney disease or pregnancy. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Result: Hypothyroidism was seen in 24 (4.3%) having no significant association with gender (p=0.268), age (p=0.414), employment status (p=0.407), marital status (p=0.997), hypertension duration (p=0.835), diabetes mellitus (p=0.146), IHD (p=0.278) and family history of hypertension (p=0.327). Hyperthyroidism was seen in 09 (1.6%) having no significant association with gender (p=0.725), age (p=0.752), employment status (p=0.741), marital status (p=0.178), hypertension duration (p=0.944), diabetes mellitus (p=0.506), IHD (p=0.915) and family history of hypertension (p=0.455).
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction was observed in a small proportion of hypertensive patients, not significantly influenced by demographic or clinical characteristics.

Key words: Hypertension, Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Diabetes Mellitus, Ischemic Heart Disease, Pakistan.