The effect of fresh stem juice extract of Costus afer on cytohistomorphology of the kidney in aspirin-treated Wistar rats was evaluated. Twenty-five rats weighing 150g to 180g used for the study were divided into five groups with five rats in each group. Group 1 served as control while Group 2 was administered 150mg/kg bw of aspirin daily for 28 days. Group 3 received 67.08mg/kg bw of the extract of Costus afer for 28 days. Group 4 was administered 150mg/kg of aspirin and 67.08mg/kg of the extract for 28 days while Group 5 was administered 150mg/kg of aspirin for 14 days, then 67.08mg/kg of the extract for another 14 days. Kidneys were harvested for histological studies. The results revealed that Group 1 showed normal histological features, Group 2 showed tubular necrosis, collapsed urinary space and distorted glomerulus. Group 3 presented near normal features. Group 4 showed enlarged urinary space, inflamed tubular cells and reduced podocytes in the glomerulus compared to Group 2. Group 5 revealed regeneration of cellular features already destroyed by aspirin. In conclusion, fresh stem juice extract of Costus afer have ameliorative and protective potentials on nephrotoxicity of aspirin in albino Wistar rats.
Key words: Costus afer, Aspirin, kidney, Histology, Nephrotoxicity
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