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IJMDC. 2025; 9(12): 3291-3298 Obstructive sleep apnea as an independent risk factor for pulmonary hypertension: a systematic reviewAnwar Khalid Mayouf Alruwaili, Esraa Seraj Omar Aljahdali, Shahad Fahad Algmaizi, Ammar Sami M. Halawani, Ghady Ateeq S. Aljumaydi, Abdullah Saad Almufleh, Amjad Hammad A. Alharbi, Abdullah Hassan Mohammed Albariqi, Basel Ali Alshaqaqeeq, Ali Mohammed Almatar. Abstract |  Download PDF | |  Post | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are serious cardiovascular conditions with plausible pathophysiological links, including chronic intermittent hypoxia and intrathoracic pressure swings. However, establishing OSA as an independent risk factor for PH, distinct from common confounders like obesity and left heart disease, remains a subject of debate. This systematic review aimed at synthesizing contemporary evidence to definitively assess whether OSA serves as an independent risk factor for PH. A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Observational studies and trials investigating the OSA-PH relationship in adults were included. Eight studies were included, comprising retrospective cohorts and cross-sectional analyses. A key finding was that prolonged nocturnal hypoxemia (T90, time with SpO₂
Key words: Obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary hypertension, nocturnal hypoxemia, risk factor, pulmonary artery pressure, systematic review.
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