This article is an interdisciplinary reading of a key notion in language science; namely the notion of corpus because of the different epistemological meanings that it covers. Our starting question is summarized as follows: what are the criteria for selecting corpora in the language sciences? To answer our questioning, we will try to present the characteristics of the corpus in the relevant disciplines of the language sciences. It is therefore structural linguistics, discourse analysis, corpus linguistics and sociolinguistics.
Our overlaps and our analyzes led us to deduce that the object of the research is followed by the choice of the corpus. Two notions have also emerged that of a closed corpus characterizing Saussure's office linguistics and the open corpus characterizing field linguistics.
Key words: Corpus, structuralim, discours analysis, sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics
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