Aim: The mechanism of carcinogenesis and prognostic parameters of renal cell carcinomas(RCC) exhibiting an increasing incidence trend are still obscure. Even though new tumors types are identified, diagnostic difficulty is even experienced occasionally for the most common tumor types. Various immunohistochemical and molecular-genetic studies are conducted for tumor type identification and prognostic evaluation. The present study examined glucose transporter protein (GLUT-1), galectin-3 that is associated with cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis and apoptosis, and Claudin 1, a transmembrane protein of intercellular tight junctions, immunohistochemically for the most commonly encountered renal tumors. The staining patterns were compared in terms of Fuhrman nuclear grade, stage, metastasis, and demographic data.
Material and Methods: Methods: The study consisted of a total of 99 renal tumor cases including 40 Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CCRCC), 22 Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma (CrRCC), 16 Oncocytoma and 19 Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (PRCC) cases.
Results: Overexpression of GLUT-1 was observed in 92.5% of CCRCC cases and 36.8% of PRCC cases whereas the loss of expression was observed in CrRCC and Oncocytoma. Claudin-1 was seen in 77.5% of the CCRCCs, 45.4% of the CrRCCs, 81.25% of the oncocytomas and 84.2% of the PRCCs. Galectin-3 was present in 90% of the CCRCCs, 81% of the CrRCCs, 50% of the oncocytomas and 21% of the PRCC
Conclusion: Diffuse membranous staining pattern was observed for GLUT-1 in case of CCRCC, however, no correlation with prognostic parameters was noticed. Claudin-1 expression was observed in high nuclear grade tumors. Thus, it may be regarded as a poor prognostic factor. Galectin 3 expression was observed in the tumors with sarcomatoid differentiation.
Key words: Claudin; Eosinophilic; Galectin-3; GLUT-1; Immunohistochemistry; Renal Cell Carcinoma.
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