Abstract

Objective: To assess the impact of diabetes management strategies on glycemic control and organ health, evaluate the relationship between glycemic control and the development of complications, and identify factors influencing these outcomes.
Methodology: This prospective cohort study included 165 diabetes patients and data were collected included HbA1c for glycemic control, creatinine and urea for renal function, lipid profiles for cardiovascular risk, and liver enzymes for hepatic function. The cohort predominantly consisted of older adults (35.8% aged 61+ years), with 39.9% having diabetes-related complications at baseline.
Results: The study found improved glycemic control, evidenced by a significant HbA1c reduction of 0.67% from an average of 8.5% to 7.2%, and favourable lipid trends (triglycerides: -0.15 mmol/L, cholesterol: -0.38 mmol/L, LDL: -0.42 mmol/L). However, renal function declined, with increases in creatinine (+1.71 µmol/L) and urea (+0.21 mg/dL), and liver enzymes rose (ALT: +1.69 U/L, AST: +2.18 U/L). Strong correlations between baseline and follow-up markers (creatinine: r=0.65; ALT: r=0.60) indicated persistent patterns in organ health. These trends highlight the dual challenge of achieving metabolic gains while facing escalating risks to renal and liver health.
Conclusion: In this longitudinal cohort, comprehensive diabetes management was associated with significantly improved glycemic control and favorable lipid trends. However, we observed concurrent increases in biomarkers of renal and hepatic function, highlighting a dual clinical challenge. These findings underscore the necessity of integrating multi-organ health surveillance into standard diabetes care.

Key words: Diabetes mellitus, organ health, HbA1c, renal function, liver enzymes, lipid profile.