There was an increasing in global prevalence of diabetes mellitus, specially type 2 DM, resulting in higher prevalence of diabetic complication. Persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus induces systemic oxidative stress in testis. Oxidative stress disrupts germinal cells and caused abnormalities in male reproductive system. Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl contain active substances which have antidiabetic properties and also reduced severity of diabetic complication in recent studies. This research aimed to evaluate protective effect of PM pericarp extract on testicular oxidative marker and testicular histological changes of type 2 DM induced by streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Twenty male albino (Sprague Dawley) rats were divided into four equal groups: normal control; diabetic; diabetic + vitamin E 100 mg/kg; diabetic + PM methanolic extract 250 mg/kg. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin 65 mg/kg and nicotinamide 230 mg/kb intraperitoneally. PM extract and vitamin E (as comparison group) were administered to diabetic rats for six weeks and at the end of the study, subjects were sacrificed to obtain their testes for routine staining and malondialdehyde (MDA) analysis. Treatment with PM extracts and vitamin E significantly reduced testicular MDA level compared with untreated diabetic group (p < 0.01). Treatment with PM extract significantly improved sperm count, spermatogenic score, seminiferous tubule epithelial thickness, Sertolli and Leydig cells number which is reduced in untreated diabetic groups. It was concluded that PM extract improved testicular damage and testicular MDA level.
Key words: Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., testicular MDA level, testicular damage, type 2 diabetes mellitus
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