Abstract

Aim : The study reviews the literature related to anatomical parameters of the sigmoid colon and their role in sigmoid volvulus formation, a significant clinical condition that may combine colon obstruction and strangulation presence,with a high mortality rate. The review aims to establish the anatomical factors that contribute to the twisting of sigmoid colon.
Method: A systematic review of the English language literature was conducted using Pubmed and Uptodate databases. The keyword search was "sigmoid volvulus", "anatomical variances of sigmoid colon" and "ischaemic colitis".Critical appraisal was performed of included studies using predefined quality assessment lists.
Results: Six studies were evaluated concerning the morphometric measurements of sigmoid colon loop and their relation with sigmoid volvulus formation. Moreover, epidemiological parameters like age, gender, ethnicity were examined as well, on how they relate to its other and most importantly with sigmoid volvulus formation.
Conclusion: Patients with elongated sigmoid colon with increased height of sigmoid mesocolon and a narrow mesenteric root base are more susceptible to sigmoid volvulus formation.

Key words: Sigmoid volvulus, ischaemic colitis, anatomical measurements of sigmoid colon