Abstract

Osteoporosis prevalence is higher among the women than men as women are facing the declining of estrogen hormone during menopause. Estrogen deficient osteoporosis is conventionally prevented by estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) which is known to be effective but exerted many adverse effects. Ficus carica (FC) or fig is a fruit rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory sources that are believed to contribute to its potential as ERT alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of FC supplementation on the trabecular microarchitecture of postmenopausal osteoporotic rats. Fifty-six adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups of Sham-operated (Sham), ovariectomized control (OVX), ovariectomized with 64.5 µg/kg estrogen Premarin (ERT), ovariectomized with 50 mg/kg aqueous extract of FC (FC50), ovariectomized with 100 mg/kg aqueous extract of FC (FC100), ovariectomized with 50 mg/kg raw extract of FC (RAW50) and ovariectomized with 100 mg/kg raw extract of FC (RAW100). The treatments were given daily via oral gavage for eight weeks. After the treatment, rats were euthanized and femora were dissected out for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. Trabecular structure of OVX femur showed significant osteoporotic deterioration in bone volume, trabecular separation, structural model index and connectivity density. While ERT significantly reversed the osteoporotic-induced bone changes up to Sham level and RAW50 showed the best results in preserving bone microarchitecture which is comparable to ERT. In conclusion, raw extraction of FC has high potential as an alternative against osteoporosis due to its high mineral contents and bioactive compounds that possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Key words: Postmenopausal osteoporosis; ovariectomy; Ficus carica; bone microachitecture; micro-CT