Abstract

Background:
Osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus sp. is uncommon in dogs and cats and may occur in cases of disseminated aspergillosis, a rare and poorly described condition in veterinary medicine.

Case Description:
Due to the scarcity of reports documenting this disease, particularly with localized involvement of the pelvic bones, the present case report aimed to describe the condition in an eight-year-old mixed-breed dog presenting with severe pain and lameness of the right pelvic limb. Radiographic examination revealed marked periosteal bone proliferation and areas of osteolysis extending from the right wing of the ilium to the acetabulum. Incisional biopsy demonstrated a dense inflammatory infiltrate consistent with chronic osteitis and myositis. Samples were submitted for bacterial and fungal cultures, with growth observed only in the fungal culture, identifying Aspergillus species. Treatment with itraconazole at 10 mg/kg every 24 hours was initiated, and therapeutic response was monitored through periodic radiographs, which showed gradual regression of the initial lesions.

Conclusion:
At the time of this report, 16 months after treatment initiation, the patient exhibited continuous clinical improvement without systemic signs of disease, indicating therapeutic success and a longer survival expectancy.

Key words: Aspergillosis; Itraconazole; Osteomyelitis; Systemic mycosis; Veterinary mycology.