Abstract

Background:
Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) is one of the most important bacterial agents that cause abortion (Q fever) in ruminants and is a zoonotic disease. The current study reported the first confirmed detection of C. burnetii in sheep in Libya using real-time polymerase chain reaction coupled with high-resolution melt analysis.

Case Description:
Two flocks of sheep suffered abortion, with the aborted fetuses varying in age from early to late term. Vaginal swabs were collected, and DNA was extracted. DNA samples were analyzed using real-time PCR coupled with high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, and the results showed infection with the zoonotic Q fever caused by C. burnetii. The animals responded to treatment with the antibiotic enrofloxacin, and the abortion was stopped after treatment.

Conclusion:
This study is the first documented evidence of Q fever in sheep in Libya and highlights the need for increased surveillance, further molecular and genomic studies, and the application of One Health approaches. The fact that the bacteria can persist in the environment and potentially cause zoonosis means that, despite being few in number, finding infected flocks could pose significant public health issues.

Key words: Coxiella burnetii; Q fever; Sheep; Real time PCR; Libya.