Abstract

Rapid transport electrification is imposing spatiotemporally heterogeneous loads on distribution networks. This study quantifies the impacts of residential Level-2 (L2) charging and public charging stations, including 50-kW DC fast chargers (DCFCs), on an 11-kV radial feeder using a 5-min time-series framework. Baseline demand is represented by measured-like diurnal profiles; station demand is synthesized via a finite-server, time-varying Poisson arrival process with stochastic service times. Network responses (bus voltages, branch flows, transformer loading, and I2R losses) are computed using a linearized DistFlow formulation. Three scheduling strategies are evaluated: (S1) uncontrolled plug-in, (S2) time-of-use (TOU) shifting to 22:00-06:00, and (S3) feeder-wide coordinated valley filling. Performance is assessed via peak feeder real power and timing, minimum voltage magnitude and violation counts (

Key words: EV charging; distribution networks; managed charging; voltage regulation; transformer loading; DistFlow.