Abstract

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health concern, including in Saudi Arabia. This study assessed knowledge and awareness of CRC symptoms, risk factors, and screening methods among adults in Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of adults aged ≥20 years in Jazan using a structured, self-administered questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics; knowledge of CRC symptoms and risk factors; awareness of early screening methods; and attitudes toward early detection. Differences across demographic variables were examined using chi-square tests and the Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results: A total of 459 participants were included; 78.9% were aged 20–29 years, 58.4% were female, and 78.0% had a university education. Overall awareness of CRC symptoms was low, with 32.5% reporting awareness. The most recognized symptom was rectal bleeding (14.9%), followed by abdominal pain (14.1%). Regarding risk factors, smoking (73.9%) and genetics (69.5%) were most commonly identified, whereas recognition of physical inactivity and obesity was lower (53–55%). Just over half (51.4%) had heard of early screening, although 76.7% agreed it enables early detection and 77.8% supported regular screening for those aged ≥50 years. Screening intention was low (27.7%); inadequate knowledge and time constraints were key barriers. Symptom awareness differed significantly by age (p

Key words: Colorectal cancer, awareness, knowledge, symptoms, risk factors, screening, Saudi Arabia.