Abstract

This study examined the application of Universal Design (UD) principles in the National Mosque and Nile University, Abuja, Nigeria, in order to make public buildings accessible, inclusive, and sustainable. Mixed-methods research was used, with data being collected from 500 participants using structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and on-site observations, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, regression, and thematic content analysis. Findings indicated that Nile University was better than the National Mosque when it came to the application of UD (mean scores: 3.8-4.3) due to modern construction compared to the retrofitting challenges of historical structures. Strengths were found in Size and Space for Approach and Use and Simple and Intuitive Use, with wide corridors and intuitive signage facilitating ease for diverse users. However, Perceptible Information was the weakest owing to insufficient sensory aids like braille and auditory cues. UD significantly improved access (78-85% agreement), user experience (72-80%), social inclusion (65-75%), and sustainability (70-78%) although moderated by cultural stigma and sensory gaps. Budget constraints, limited architect awareness, outdated regulations, design complexity, and outward resistance formed 36, 30, 20, 10, and 4% of key barriers' occurrence respectively. The recommendations were the early integration of UD into the design processes, the reform of building code policies, better architectural training, and awareness campaigns against stigma. This research has added to the body of knowledge on UD in Nigeria and has suggested practical ways toward equitable urban spaces informed by UN Sustainable Development Goal.

Key words: Universal Design, Accessibility, Inclusivity, Public Buildings, Architectural Design, Sustainability, Nigeria, Retrofitting, Sensory Aids, Social Inclusion