Abstract

Significant knowledge gaps concerning the causes and risk factors of iron deficiency remain apparent among university students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among male and female university students and to explore the relationship of hemoglobin status with their food habits and mental health performance. Blood samples from 230 students (90 males, 140 females) were analyzed for hemoglobin and serum iron using colorimetric assays. Comprehensive data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Results show anemia rates were found to be 48.6% in females and 65.6% in males. Iron deficiency was present in 42.9% of females and 26.7% of males. Irregular meals were common. Hemoglobin levels were significantly linked to fruit intake in both males and females (p < 0.05) and to depression in males (p < 0.05). Many students reported sleeping problems, depression, and fatigue. 57.8% of participants were aware of anemia (p = 0.007), 55.2% recognized symptoms (p = 0.017), 68.3% knew iron-rich foods (p = 0.001), 58.3% knew iron absorption enhancers (p = 0.040), and only 47.4% knew absorption inhibitors (p = 0.214). These findings highlight the need for targeted education and nutrition programs to raise awareness, improve health, and reduce iron deficiency anemia in young adults.

Key words: Anemia, Iron deficiency, Mental health, Depression, Sleeping disorder, Hemoglobin level