Microorganisms are considered the primary cause for pulpitis and periapical infection which requires endodontic treatment for pain relief and healthy tooth restoration. Root canal treatment is a sensitive process that requires proper and accurate operative steps accompanied by certain other factors affecting its success. The present review highlights and discusses the major factors affecting the success of surgical and nonsurgical endodontic treatment. A MEDLINE database search was performed for a time period from 1990 to 2018 using specific search terms, to locate relevant peer-reviewed articles and books published on factors affecting the success of surgical and nonsurgical endodontic treatment. The search found 25 articles of which 21 articles were specifically related to study subject. The review concludes that the studies focused on the factors affecting the success of endodontic treatment were very limited and the available ones were mostly trials.
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