Abstract

Self-medication is increasingly prevalent among medical students due to academic exposure and easy access to medications. While it offers convenience for minor ailments, inappropriate use poses significant health risks. Hence, a cross-sectional study was planned to assess the prevalence, awareness, practices, and determinants of self-medication among Malaysian medical students studying in India. A total of 310 students from 1st to 5th year were included, and data were collected using a pre-validated, semi-structured questionnaire covering demographics, self-medication practices, influencing factors, and awareness of adverse drug reactions and pharmacovigilance. Data were analysed using the independent t-test and one-way ANOVA, followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test and chi-square test for categorical variables. The study showed, self-medication prevalence was 86.5%, with increasing percentages observed from first (85.7%) to fifth year (95%) students during the past 6 months. Commonly used drugs included antipyretics (75%), analgesics (71%), and antihistamines (45%), used for mild illness (89.7%) and prior experience (47.4%). Despite high awareness of risks (94%) and having received formal education (84.2%), self-medication remains widely practiced. Determinants such as senior academic year, family influence, and digital health app use contribute significantly. Educational interventions and future longitudinal studies are essential to promote rational drug use and reduce inappropriate self-medication practices.

Key words: Self-medication, Adverse drug reaction, Rational drug use, Digital health, Pharmacovigilance