Abstract

The water distribution system (WDN) in Hayin Banki, Kaduna State, Nigeria, faces challenges from rapid population growth, aging infrastructure, and inefficiencies, resulting in negative pressures, high pipe velocities (>2.5 m/s), and 20% non-revenue water losses. This study develops a hydraulic model using EPANET, integrated with QGIS for geospatial analysis, to assess and optimize the WDN for a 2025 population of 47,475 and a projected 63,802 by 2035, with a peak demand of 20,700 m³/day. Using field data (GPS elevations, pressure checks) and secondary sources (Kaduna State GIS shape files, USGS SRTM DEM), the model identifies deficiencies and proposes upgrades: upsizing the distribution main to 550 mm, secondary pipes to 200–300 mm at 46 locations, and adding a 125 m³ storage tank (total 625 m³). A 0.63 km² expansion for 16,327 residents was designed with a looped configuration (50 junctions, 47 pipes), achieving pressures of 17–40 m and velocities of 0.6–0.91 m/s,. The study provides a scalable framework for sustainable water management in semi-urban areas, aligning with sustainable development goal (SDG 6).

Key words: Garba H.1, * and Abiola. A.2