In addition to the coding segments, genomes of all organisms are made of several highly conserved nonprotein coding regions. Biochemical analysis by isolating non-coding regions from cells, tissues or whole organism studies are powerful tools for their identification. In lieu of this, identifying and annotating these regions using comparative and functional genomics approaches should be a high priority. Understanding and identifying their location and what these segments are composed of would pave way for functional annotation. Large scale functional genomics approaches help to identify novel genes and allow to hypothesize its in vivo function systematically in turn aid in annotating the conserved regions obtained from comparative genomics at the sequence level. In this review, we survey all non- coding regions, their importance and their functional roles newly discovered.
Key words: non-coding regions; comparative genomics; functional genomics; functional annotation; in vivo
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