Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of awareness regarding diabetes mellitus (DM) risk factors
among teachers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to explore the association between awareness and various
demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire.
Participants were recruited, and information on demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and awareness
of DM risk factors was obtained.
Results: A total of 385 participants were included, with a majority aged under 40 years (61.6%) and females
(71.9%). Adequate awareness of DM risk factors was observed in 55.1% of participants. Age, gender, education
level, marital status, monthly income, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and recent health checkups
were significantly associated with awareness of DM risk factors (p < 0.05). Older participants (50–59
years), females, and those with higher education (diploma or doctorate) demonstrated higher awareness
levels. Physically active individuals and those who monitored their BMI and blood sugar levels were also more
likely to have adequate awareness. However, misconceptions about hyperthyroidism and hypertension as DM
risk factors were noted.
Conclusion: The study revealed moderate awareness of DM risk factors, with significant associations between
awareness and demographic and lifestyle factors. Targeted health education programs focusing on young
adults, men, and individuals with lower education levels are recommended to enhance awareness. Addressing
specific misconceptions and promoting regular health check-ups could further improve knowledge and contribute
to diabetes prevention efforts.

Key words: Awareness, risk factors, type 2 diabetes mellitus, teachers, Saudi Arabia