Abstract

Introduction:
Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with rising global prevalence, particularly in India. Over Over 830 million individuals are affected affected worldwide, with more than half remaining untreated, predominantly in low and middle-income nations. In Ayurveda, it is correlated with Prameha, primarily resulting from Kapha (body's structural and nourishing principle, maintaining tissue stability, lubrication, and energy storage) vitiation and disturbances in Meda Dhatu (fat tissue metabolism) disturbance leading to excessive Kleda (fluid accumulation) and disturbed glucose homeostasis. Among Ayurvedic therapeutics, Rasaushadhies (herbo-metallic formulations) are recognized for their potent, multi-targeted actions in Prameha management and are now gaining scientific attention for their antidiabetic potential.
Methods:
A systematic scoping review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Literature was retrieved using predefined keywords across PubMed, AYUSH Research Portal, DHARA, Shodhganga, and Google Scholar. Both in-vivo and in-vitro studies on Rasaushadhies for Type II diabetes were included while studies limited to herbal or clinical interventions were excluded.
Results:
Thirty-six studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising thirteen single-metallic Bhasmas and twenty-three compound formulations.Preparations such as Naga, Yashada, Vanga, Makshika, and Abhraka Bhasma,etc. significantly reduced blood glucose, improved lipid profiles, and enhanced antioxidant enzymes in diabetic models. Mechanisms included improved insulin sensitivity, β-cell protection, attenuation of oxidative stress, and lipid modulation. Additionally, nine studies assessed toxicity-eight acute, and one evaluated both acute and chronic toxicity, indicating safety at therapeutic dose levels.

Conclusion:
Rasaushadhies provide a holistic approach to T2DM management through antioxidant, insulin-sensitizing, and β-cell-protective effects. Further molecular and clinical investigations are warranted to establish standardization, efficacy, and safety for integrative diabetes management.

Key words: Antioxidant, Ayurveda, Beta-cell protection, Bhasma, Herbo-metallic preparations, Insulin sensitization, Prameha, Rasaushadhi, Rasayana therapy, Type II Diabetes Mellitus.