Abstract

Background:
Several bioactive compounds of Peronema canescens Jack, including flavonoids, saponins, and phenolic constituents, exert anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. Understanding these active ingredients is essential because their combined metabolic and immune-modulating properties may influence broiler health, feed efficiency, and overall productivity.

Aim:
This study investigated the potential of P. canescens Jack (P. canescens) leaf infusion as a phytogenic feed additive for broiler chickens, evaluating its effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, blood biochemical parameters, and its molecular interaction with inflammatory markers.

Methods:
Broilers were administered with varying concentrations of infusion over a 35-day period (a 3-day ON and 2-day OFF pattern). Performance metrics, such as feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), carcass yield, and organ weights, were measured. Blood samples were analyzed for lipid profiles and hematological responses. Additionally, the phytochemical composition of the infusion was profiled, and selected bioactive compounds were subjected to molecular docking against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).

Results:
The result indicated P. canescens infusion did not significantly (p > 0.05) alter primary growth parameters; however, a biologically relevant improvement in FCR was observed at lower doses. We observed trends toward reduced abdominal fat, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels, accompanied by increased gizzard weight and lymphocyte counts, suggesting potential benefits for both digestive function and immune modulation. Molecular docking analysis showed that flavonoid and vanillyl derivatives from P. canescens exhibited moderate to strong binding affinities for the iNOS active site, indicating that enzyme inhibition could contribute to anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusion:
Peronema canescens leaf infusion demonstrates promise as a natural feed additive with mild physiological effects and bioactive constituents capable of modulating inflammatory pathways. Future research involving standardized extracts and mechanistic studies is recommended to optimize its efficacy and application in poultry nutrition.

Key words: Bioactive compounds; Chicken broilers; Feed additive; Peronema canescens Jack.