Abstract

Background and Aims:
Managing pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis is challenging due to the potential for long-term disability and irreversible damage if not managed properly. A unified approach to managing these conditions in Saudi Arabia is needed. Our study explores current practices in the Western region and highlights the need for unified guidelines.
Methods:
A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted among pediatric infectious diseases specialists, general pediatricians, and pediatric rheumatologists in western Saudi Arabia. From March to July 2024, a self-administered electronic questionnaire was distributed. The survey assessed variability in diagnostic approaches, treatment regimens, and criteria for orthopedic specialists’ involvement.
Results:
Thirty-eight physicians completed the survey. Half of the respondents involved orthopedic surgeons for procedures like biopsies and aspirations, while others relied on different specialties due to limited pediatric orthopedic surgeons. Ultrasound and MRI were the most common initial diagnostic tools. Third-generation cephalosporins combined with clindamycin or vancomycin is the most favored empirical therapy. There was significant variability in antibiotic regimens.
Conclusion:
This study reveals considerable variation in managing pediatric osteomyelitis and septic arthritis in Saudi Arabia, affecting care quality. Our findings underscore the need for local guidelines tailored to our society’s microbial profiles and clinical conditions. Further research, including multicenter studies, is needed to optimize treatment.

Key words: Osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, children, Saudi Arabia