The adverse effect of H. madagascariensis bark methanol extract was investigated. The extract was prepared by maceration of dry powder. For acute toxicity study, a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight was given to rats and observed for 14 days. In sub-acute toxicity, rats were treated with 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg for 28 days. Body weights and behavior were noted throughout the experiment. Upon treatment, blood and urine were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis. Liver, lungs, heart, kidneys, testes and ovaries were analyzed for relative weights and histopathology.
The LD50 value was greater than 5000 mg/Kg. In sub-acute treatment, H. madagascariensis extract caused a decrease in neutrophils, monocytes, red blood cells and platelets number. Biochemical parameters showed an increase in total cholesterol, LDL, urinary proteins, glucose and creatinin elimination speed while a reduction in triglycerides, HDL, serum glucose, bilirubin and transaminases activity were noted. An increase in liver and heart relative weights was observed. Histopathological analysis revealed urinary tract constriction, liver vascular constriction and heart, lungs, ovaries and testes necrosis.
The study provides valuable data on the acute and sub-acute oral toxicity of H. madagascariensis that could be very useful for future assay.
Key words: Harungana madagascariensis, acute toxicity, sub-acute toxicity, biochemical parameters, hematological parameters.
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