Abstract

Haemoparasitic infections in reptiles are often considered minimally pathogenic but may contribute to clinical illness under specific conditions. This report describes the clinical presentation and response to antibiotic therapy in a 22-year-old captive Nile monitor lizard (Varanus niloticus) naturally infected with Haemoproteus and Plasmodium. The lizard required parasitological and haematological evaluations due to observed significant tick infestation, malnutrition, and lethargy. Both male and female Aponomma species were verified upon identification, while faecal analysis showed no helminth ova or protozoan oocysts/cysts. The haematological results showed borderline hypoproteinaemia, resolving anaemia, mild hyperfibrinogenaemia, and an inflammatory leukogram indicative of an ongoing, effective acute-phase immune response. The presence of inclusion bodies resembling Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in erythrocytes was observed by microscopic blood smear examination. Doxycycline (10 mg/kg every 48 hours) and nutritional assistance through oral delivery of a whole chicken egg were part of the treatment regimen. Phenylpyrazole spray (7.5 mg/kg) was used to control ectoparasites. By day nine post-treatment, haemoparasites were undetectable in blood smears, and haematological parameters showed improvement, suggesting ongoing recovery. This case highlights the potential clinical impact of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium in reptiles, underscoring the importance of targeted therapeutic intervention and supportive care in captive settings. To improve reptilian health management and stop disease progression in zoological collections, routine haematological and parasitological monitoring is essential.

Key words: Aponomma species, Haemoparasite, Haemoproteus, Monitor lizard, Plasmodium