Abstract

Ficus capensis is used ethnomedically to treat various illnesses, such as problems related to pregnancy, fever, wounds, toothaches, and respiratory conditions. Notwithstanding its extensive application, little is known about its hepato-protective and antioxidant qualities in relation to malaria infection. Peter’s 4-day suppressive test evaluated these effects using methanol leaf extract of Ficus capensis in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei NK 65. The study comprised six experimental groups: non-parasitized non-treated (nPnT), parasitized non-treated (PnT), chloroquine-treated (CQ), and groups treated with Ficus capensis extract at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg. The evaluation of hepato-protective efficacy involved the determination of serum levels of three liver enzymes: gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), two indicators of oxidative stress, were used to measure antioxidant activity in the liver and brain tissues. The hepato-protective properties of Ficus capensis extract were demonstrated by the significant (p < 0.05) reduction in ALT, AST, and GGT levels observed after treatment, as compared to the PnT group. Extract-treated mice at doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg also showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) MDA levels and higher GSH levels, suggesting strong antioxidant activity. However, treatment with a high dose (1000 mg/kg) of the extract increased MDA levels and decreased GSH levels, indicating potential toxicity and oxidative stress at this concentration. These findings reveal that Ficus capensis leaves contain bioactive compounds with significant hepato-protective and antioxidant effects, potentially mitigating malaria-induced hepatic damage and oxidative stress. The extract’s ability to lower liver enzyme levels and improve oxidative stress markers supports its therapeutic potential in managing malaria. This research underscores the medicinal potential of Ficus capensis, contributing to potential alternative malaria treatments.

Key words: Hepato-protection, Ficus capensis, Malaria, Oxidative Stress, Plasmodium berghei