Abstract

Objective: To investigate the neuro-ophthalmic interface through Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) molecular activity and its therapeutic value in glaucoma treatment.
Methodology: The role of BDNF in neuroprotection for glaucoma was evaluated through studies published between 2010 and 2024, following the PRISMA 2020 methodology. The search included PubMed, Scopus, and other relevant databases using keywords related to glaucoma, BDNF, neuroprotection, and therapeutic interventions. A total of 45 studies were reviewed, and 10 studies met the criteria for further investigation. These studies focused on BDNF molecular pathways and their effect on retinal ganglion cell survival, along with corresponding BDNF-based clinical therapies. The evaluation of risk bias used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and GRADE criteria to make assessments about evidence quality.
Results: We found that BDNF is a vital factor in sustaining retinal ganglion cells and regulating intraocular pressure, both of which are important for glaucoma pathology. Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor-based treatment methods showed promising results by protecting retinal ganglion cells from damage and improving cellular function in laboratory models. BDNF administration through advanced drug delivery techniques could help glaucoma patients maintain good vision while minimally advancing disease progression. Multiple therapeutic agents combined with BDNF produced beneficial effects that surpassed individual treatment results.
Conclusion: BDNF functions as a promising molecular target for glaucoma treatment, offering new opportunities to protect optic nerves together with disease modifications. Scientists should concentrate their research on developing ideal delivery systems and investigating the long-term effectiveness of BDNF-based treatments in clinical practice.

Key words: BDNF, neuroprotection, glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells, molecular therapy, neurotrophic factors, intraocular pressure.