Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that significantly impacts the quality of life in children, with global prevalence ranging from 5% to 20%. Traditional treatments, including emollients, topical corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors, provide symptomatic relief but often fall short in achieving long-term control, particularly in severe cases. This review aimed to explore the emerging therapies in pediatric AD, including biologics such as dupilumab, tralokinumab, and JAK inhibitors like upadacitinib and abrocitinib. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, has shown significant efficacy in improving AD symptoms and quality of life in children aged 6 months and older. Tralokinumab, a selective IL-13 inhibitor, also demonstrated promising results for moderate to severe AD. JAK inhibitors, particularly upadacitinib and abrocitinib, offer systemic treatment options with superior efficacy in some cases, although their use is associated with potential side effects like acne, gastrointestinal issues, and nasopharyngitis. The advent of these therapies has revolutionized AD management, offering more targeted treatments for patients with moderate to severe disease. However, careful monitoring is necessary due to the potential side effects of newer treatments. Overall, while conventional therapies remain foundational, the introduction of biologics and JAK inhibitors provides more personalized treatment options, improving outcomes and quality of life for children with atopic dermatitis.

Key words: Atopic dermatitis, children, emerging therapies, advanced management, review.