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A Synergistic effect of artocarpanone from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) on the antibacterial activity of some antibiotics and their effect on membrane permeability

Abdi Wira Septama, Jianbo Xiao, Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant.




Abstract

Aim/backgrounds: Artocarpanone isolated from Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. (Moraceae) possesses antibacterial activity. The present study investigated any interaction between artocarpanone and some antibiotics including tetracycline, ampicillin and norfloxacin against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, as well as determining any disruptive effect on bacterial membranes.
Materials and methods: A broth microdilution method was used for the susceptibility assay. Any synergistic effect was determined using a checerboard method, and any membrane disruption effect was investigated using a bacteriolysis assay and a measurement of the released 260 nm absorbing materials.
Results and discussion: Artocarpanone exhibited weak antibacterial activities against MRSA and P. aeruginosa with MIC values of 125 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. However, it showed the strong antibacterial activity against E. coli (7.8 µg/mL). The interaction between artcarpanone with all tested antibiotics against P. aeruginosa and E. coli only revealed indifference and additive effects (FICI values of 0.75-1.25). The interaction between artocarpanone (31.2 µg/mL) and norfloxacin (3.9 µg/mL) exhibited a synergistic antibacterial activity against MRSA, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.28, while the interaction between artocarpanone and tetracycline, and ampicillin showed an additive effect, with an FICI value of 0.5. A time kill assay also indicated that artocarpanone had a synergistic effect on the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. In addition, a combination of artocarpanone and norfloxacin altered the membrane permeability of MRSA. Conclusion: These findings suggested that artocarpanone may be considered as an adjuvant to enhance the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin against MRSA.

Key words: artocarpanone; synergistic; norfloxacin; tetracycline; ampicillin






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