Abstract

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections presents a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative strategies for effective antibiotic delivery. Peptide hydrogels have emerged as promising biocompatible carriers for sustained antibiotic release, offering controlled drug delivery, improved stability, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. These hydrogels are self-assembling nanostructures formed by short peptides, exhibiting excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tunable mechanical properties. Their ability to encapsulate and release antibiotics in a controlled manner enhances drug retention at the infection site while minimizing systemic toxicity and resistance development. The structural versatility of peptide hydrogels allows for customization to specific therapeutic needs, including pH-responsive and enzyme-triggered drug release. These smart materials can also be engineered to incorporate antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that further enhance their bactericidal activity. The integration of peptide hydrogels with nanotechnology and bioengineering innovations has expanded their potential applications, making them a valuable tool for localized infection treatment, wound healing, and tissue regeneration.
This review explores the design, physicochemical properties, and antimicrobial mechanisms of peptide hydrogels, highlighting their potential in combating MDR pathogens. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements, challenges, and future perspectives in the clinical translation of peptide hydrogel-based antibiotic delivery systems. Harnessing the versatility of peptide hydrogels could pave the way for novel antimicrobial therapies, addressing the urgent need for effective strategies against MDR infections.

Key words: Peptide hydrogels, multidrug-resistant infections, antibiotic delivery, self-assembling nanostructures, antimicrobial peptides, controlled drug release, biocompatibility.