Abstract

Objective: To determine the impact which urinary tract infections (UTIs) have as renal disease contributors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) through combined analysis of nephron-pathological damage markers alongside biomarkers of inflammation.
Methodology: This retrospective study was carried out at Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, from April–June 2023. It included two groups of participants who had early-stage CKD because of UTIs (n=70) and healthy subjects (n=20). The study evaluated clinical outcomes by measuring serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine protein and inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6. The analysis was conducted with SPSS 26.0 which used independent T-tests and Pearson correlation.
Results: Mean age of participants was 52.3 years with 56 (62%) women. Serum creatinine levels in subjects with both UTIs and early CKD reached 1.8±0.4 mg/dL while their eGFR declined to 68.5±9.2 mL/min/1.73m² and urinary protein levels increased to 273±35 mg/day. Inflammatory biomarkers, including CRP (11.6±2.3 mg/L) and IL-6 (18.2±4.5 pg/mL), were significantly higher in UTI patients compared to healthy controls (CRP: 4.2±1.1 mg/L, IL-6: 7.1±2.3 pg/mL, p

Key words: Urinary tract infections, chronic kidney disease, nephron-pathology, biomarkers, renal inflammation, precision diagnosis.