Abstract

Background:
Toxoplasmosis is a model for the One Health idea since the parasite that causes Toxoplasma gondii affects almost all animals, including humans. T. gondii is among the parasites with the highest success rate in history, able to infect around one-third of all humans globally. Furthermore, among all parasitic infections, T. gondii has one of the highest rates of disease. The expansion of the human and veterinary medical sectors is necessary to address the animal reservoir and decrease the number of toxoplasmosis.

Aim:
To overcome oxidative stress, intracellular infection mechanisms require therapy using natural substances that are effective, safe, and efficient. Among them, Moringa oleifera contains bioactive chemicals.

Methods:
In this lab-based investigation, 8-week-old female rats weighing 200–250 grams were split into six groups using a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) with posttest only and control group design. The groups included the normal group, the toxoplasma group, which received a dose of 103 tachyzoite, and the toxoplasma group, which received doses of 140, 280, 420, and 560 mg/kg moringa.

Results:
On the sixteenth day of pregnancy, the rats were euthanized, and samples of the mother's blood were drawn and tested for NF-κB, E-Selectin, CRP, MDA, caspase-3, Ig G, and Ig M. Additionally, the placenta, heart, neurons, and fetal neuroglia were assessed histopathologically for rats with toxoplasmosis. NF-κB, MDA, CRP, E-Selectin, caspase-3, Ig M, and Ig G levels differed notably (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated that pregnant rats in the toxoplasmosis model showed improvement in IgG, IgM, E-Selectin, NF-κB, placental necrosis repair, and the fetus's heart and brain when administered a dosage of 560 mg/kg of M. oleifera leaves. In comparison, M. oleifera leaves at 280 mg/kg doses showed improved CRP, MDA, and caspase-3 levels.

Conclusion:
M. oleifera can be an alternative therapy for toxoplasmosis infection-induced pregnancy in a rat model. It has anti-inflammatory, antiapoptosis, antiparasitic, and antinecrosis effects in pregnant rats with toxoplasmosis models.

Key words: Moringa oleifera, Antiinflammation, Antiapoptosis, Antiparasite, Antinecrosis