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The percentage of concentrate intake, daily milk yield, serum IGF-1, and estrogen level of small holders dairy cows based on blood urea nitrogen and pregnancy statusSuzanita Utama,Fachruddin Aziz,Syaiful Rizal,Sri Mulyati,Imam Mustofa,Aswin Rafif Khairullah,Tita Damayanti Lestari,Riza Zainuddin Ahmad,Latifah Latifah,Adeyinka Oye Akintunde,Lili Anggraini,Ertika Fitri Lisnanti,Chairdin Dwi Nugraha,Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori. Abstract |  Download PDF | Cited by 0 Articles |  Post | Background: The small holders dairy farming is the largest fresh milk producer in Indonesia. Reproduction depends on dietary proteins, and raised blood or milk urea, increased dietary crude proteins, and increased dietary protein degradability.
Aim: The aim of this study was to find out whether concentrate intake given to Friesian Holstein dairy cow in smallholder farms affects the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), estrogen, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1).
Methods: Gradually, the sample was chosen from among 100, 50, and 21 dairy cows using the equality of variables as the control variable. Blood samples were taken concurrently on the seventh day (D+7), D+22 (D+22), and artificial insemination (D0). Three months following insemination, the pregnancy examination was conducted using the rectal palpation technique.
Results: The results showed that milk production and BUN levels increased (p0.05) across the groups. In contrast to the group of non-pregnant cows with low BUN, the estrogen concentrations in the pregnant cows with low BUN and the non-pregnant cows with high BUN were lower on D+22 (P
Key words: BUN, estrogen, IGF-1, milk yield, pregnancy
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