Abstract

Micro- and nano-plastics (MPs coupled with NPs) are created from malfunctioning more oversized plastic products or with a straight launch. Their comprehensive circulation and determination have made them a considerable worldwide ecological concern. Plastic bits of smaller-sized dimensions determining from numerous μm to nm impact varied ecological communities of land, freshwater, and aquatic atmospheres. Their existence substantially impacts biodiversity, community equilibrium, and human health. This testimonial quickly looks at the paths and destiny coupled with the effects of MPs and NPs in the atmosphere and their unification into the food cycle. MPs and NPs are providers of toxic substances and viruses, increasing their prospective threats. The intake of these materials by different microorganisms consisting of plankton plus people leads to bioaccumulation and biomagnification, which boosts considerable concerns about food security and safety. The long-lasting impacts of MPs and NPs on the atmosphere and human health and wellness are not yet completely recognized, showing a requirement for additional examination. This testimonial summarizes the existing understanding and highlights the essential requirement for interdisciplinary research study coupled with the worldwide partnership to deal with the ecological and food cycle threats related to MPs coupled with NPs, thus advertising the lasting sustainability of eco-friendly systems associated with human health and wellness.

Key words: Microplastics; Nanoplastics; Food Chain; Environmental Concern; Plastic Waste; Degradation.