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Review Article



History of Astigmatism Diagnostics

Alma Biscevic, Melisa Ahmedbegovic-Pjano, Nita Bejdic, Vernesa Sofic-Drino, Kresimir Gabric, Maja Bohac.




Abstract

Introduction: In the field of ophthalmology, astigmatism diagnostics has been challenging since the first mentioning in late 1727. Accurate diagnostics history has played an important role in understanding astigmatism as a refractive error Aim: This article is designed to review the evolution of astigmatism diagostics in ophthalmology, mainly focusing on the the history of the developing appropriate diagnostic tools. Methods: This article was performed based on a literature review and Internet search through scientific databasis such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Result: The literature on history of astigmatism diagnostics addresses the technical aspects of diagnostic tools available almost 300 years ago and in the todays market. Conclusion: The conclusion on this forum aims to help understand the benefits of astigmatism diagnostic tools in ophthalmology, with focus on better understanding and approach for correction of astigmatism refractive error.

Key words: Astigmatism–History–Astigmatism devices- Refractive errors.






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